RC 시정수·차단 주파수 계산기RC Time Constant & Cutoff Frequency Calculator
저항과 커패시터 값으로 시정수 τ, 충전·방전 도달 시간, RC 저역 통과 필터의 차단 주파수를 계산합니다.Calculate the time constant τ, charge and discharge times, and the cutoff frequency of an RC low-pass filter from a resistor and capacitor value.
100n = 100nF, 10u = 10µF
충전이 최종 전압의 몇 %에 이르는 시간을 볼지 (1~99)What percent of the final voltage to find the charging time for (1–99)
시정수 τ = R × CTime constant τ = R × C
1 ms
차단 주파수 1 / (2πRC)Cutoff frequency 1 / (2πRC)
159 Hz
Time to reach 90%
2.3 ms
경과 시간Elapsed time
충전 도달Charge reached
시간Time
1τ
63.21 %
1 ms
2τ
86.47 %
2 ms
3τ
95.02 %
3 ms
4τ
98.17 %
4 ms
5τ
99.33 %
5 ms
저항(R)과 커패시터(C)를 직렬로 연결하면 커패시터 전압이 전원 전압을 따라가는 데 시간이 걸립니다. 이 시간의 단위가 시정수(τ, 타우)이고 τ = R × C입니다. 지연 회로, 필터, 스위치 채터링 제거, 555 타이머의 시간 설정까지 모두 이 한 식에서 출발합니다. 위 계산기는 R과 C로 시정수와 차단 주파수, 충전이 원하는 비율에 이르는 시간을 계산합니다.
When a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C) are connected in series, it takes time for the capacitor voltage to follow the supply voltage. The unit of that time is the time constant (τ, tau), and τ = R × C. Delay circuits, filters, switch debounce, and even the timing of a 555 timer all start from this one equation. The calculator above works out the time constant, the cutoff frequency, and the time for charging to reach a ratio you want from R and C.
Charging and discharging
When a supply voltage Vs is connected to C through R, the capacitor voltage changes as follows.
The charge ratio after multiples of τ is as follows.
Elapsed time
Charge reached
Remaining on discharge
1τ
about 63.2%
about 36.8%
2τ
about 86.5%
about 13.5%
3τ
about 95.0%
about 5.0%
4τ
about 98.2%
about 1.8%
5τ
about 99.3%
about 0.7%
In general, after 5τ it is considered "fully charged (or discharged)". The time to reach a ratio you want is found with t = -τ × ln(1 - ratio); for example, 90% takes about 2.3τ.
Cutoff frequency
An RC low-pass filter (a resistor followed by a capacitor to ground) reduces signals above the cutoff frequency.
f_c = 1 / (2π × R × C)
With R = 10 kΩ and C = 100 nF, τ = 1 ms and the cutoff frequency is about 159 Hz. Swap the positions of the same parts, with the capacitor in the signal path and the resistor to ground, and you get a high-pass filter.
Uses
Switch debounce: 10 kΩ and 100 nF (τ = 1 ms) filter out the brief jitter of a contact. To block jitter of 5–20 ms, you usually set τ to 1–5 ms.
Reset delay: when you keep a reset signal for a set time after power comes on, match the R·C value to the time.
LED fade: if you drive a transistor with a capacitor voltage that charges and discharges through a resistor, the LED can fade on and off gradually.
계산 결과는 이상적인 값 기준입니다. 실제 부품의 오차와 온도, 전원 변동에 따라 달라질 수 있으니 중요한 회로는 반드시 측정으로 확인하세요.Results assume ideal values. Real part tolerances, temperature, and supply variation will change them, so always confirm important circuits by measuring.